feat: P0-02/P0-03/P0-05 数据库时间语义与约束

P0-02: MatchStats 增加 source/source_record_id/retrieved_at/available_at
        context_builder 过滤统计数据时检查 available_at <= cutoff
P0-03: Prediction 增加 match_kickoff_at/prediction_created_at/prediction_cutoff_at
        明确区分比赛时间/预测创建时间/数据截止时间
P0-05: Prediction 增加 status 字段(success/failed/degraded)
        数据库 CHECK 约束

Alembic: 0005_prediction_status_and_stats_provenance

P1-02: injuries as_of 不再截断为 date,保持 datetime 精度

alembic/versions/0005_prediction_status_and_stats_provenance.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+"""add prediction status/time semantics and MatchStats provenance
+
+Revision ID: 0005_prediction_status_and_stats_provenance
+Revises: 0004_snapshot_and_constraints
+Create Date: 2026-09-15
+
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = '0005_prediction_status_and_stats_provenance'
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = '0004_snapshot_and_constraints'
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    # 1. Prediction 新增字段
+    op.add_column('predictions', sa.Column('status', sa.String(length=20), nullable=False, server_default='success'))
+    op.add_column('predictions', sa.Column('match_kickoff_at', sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True))
+    op.add_column('predictions', sa.Column('prediction_created_at', sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.now()))
+    op.add_column('predictions', sa.Column('prediction_cutoff_at', sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True))
+
+    # 重命名 cutoff_at → 保留作为兼容,prediction_cutoff_at 为主字段
+    # op.drop_column('predictions', 'cutoff_at')  # 暂不删除,避免破坏现有数据
+
+    # 2. 新增 status CHECK 约束
+    op.create_check_constraint('ck_status_enum', 'predictions', "status IN ('success', 'failed', 'degraded')")
+
+    # 3. MatchStats 新增数据血缘字段
+    op.add_column('match_stats', sa.Column('source', sa.String(length=30), nullable=True))
+    op.add_column('match_stats', sa.Column('source_record_id', sa.String(length=100), nullable=True))
+    op.add_column('match_stats', sa.Column('retrieved_at', sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True))
+    op.add_column('match_stats', sa.Column('available_at', sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True))
+
+    # 4. 索引
+    op.create_index('ix_match_stats_available_at', 'match_stats', ['available_at'])
+    op.create_index('ix_predictions_cutoff_at', 'predictions', ['prediction_cutoff_at'])
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index('ix_predictions_cutoff_at', table_name='predictions')
+    op.drop_index('ix_match_stats_available_at', table_name='match_stats')
+
+    op.drop_column('match_stats', 'available_at')
+    op.drop_column('match_stats', 'retrieved_at')
+    op.drop_column('match_stats', 'source_record_id')
+    op.drop_column('match_stats', 'source')
+
+    op.drop_constraint('ck_status_enum', 'predictions', type_='check')
+
+    op.drop_column('predictions', 'prediction_cutoff_at')
+    op.drop_column('predictions', 'prediction_created_at')
+    op.drop_column('predictions', 'match_kickoff_at')
+    op.drop_column('predictions', 'status')

src/api/routes/backtest.py

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 """回测路由。"""
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import logging
+
 from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 from src.llm.backtest import run_backtest
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/v1", tags=["backtest"])
 
 
@@ -38,7 +42,8 @@ async def backtest(req: BacktestRequest):
             model=req.model,
         )
     except Exception as e:
-        raise HTTPException(500, f"backtest failed: {e}")
+        logger.exception("backtest failed")
+        raise HTTPException(500, "回测执行失败,请查看服务器日志")
 
     return {
         "summary": {
@@ -46,7 +51,7 @@ async def backtest(req: BacktestRequest):
             "scored": summary.scored,
             "accuracy_1x2": summary.accuracy_1x2,
             "avg_score_rmse": summary.avg_score_rmse,
-            "avg_subjective_confidence": summary.avg_confidence,
+            "avg_subjective_confidence": summary.avg_subjective_confidence,
             "calibration": summary.calibration,
         },
         "results": [

src/data/bzzoiro.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import urllib.error
 import urllib.parse
 import urllib.request
 from collections.abc import Iterable
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 from sqlalchemy import select
 
@@ -223,6 +224,7 @@ class BzzoiroSource:
                     await db.flush()
                     existing_matches[match_key] = m  # 防止同批重复
                     if nm.home_xg is not None or nm.away_xg is not None:
+                        now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
                         stats = MatchStats(
                             match_id=m.id,
                             home_xg=nm.home_xg,
@@ -238,6 +240,10 @@ class BzzoiroSource:
                             away_yellow_cards=nm.away_yellow_cards,
                             home_red_cards=nm.home_red_cards,
                             away_red_cards=nm.away_red_cards,
+                            source="bzzoiro",
+                            source_event_id=str(raw.get("id", "")),
+                            retrieved_at=now,
+                            available_at=now,
                         )
                         db.add(stats)
                     league_r["inserted"] += 1

src/data/injuries.py

@@ -190,11 +190,13 @@ async def get_injuries_for_match(db, team_id: int, match_date, as_of=None) -> li
         match_date: 比赛日期
         as_of: 截止时间(cutoff)。只返回 retrieved_at <= as_of 的记录。
                用于回测时防止"未来采集的数据"泄漏到历史预测。
+               必须保持 timezone-aware datetime,不会截断为 date。
     """
-    from sqlalchemy import and_, or_, select
+    from sqlalchemy import or_, select
 
     from src.db.models import Injury
 
+    # 只处理 match_date:去掉时间部分,仅比较日期
     if hasattr(match_date, "date"):
         match_date = match_date.date()
 
@@ -206,9 +208,8 @@ async def get_injuries_for_match(db, team_id: int, match_date, as_of=None) -> li
     )
 
     # 回测防泄漏: 只使用 as_of 时间点之前已采集的数据
+    # 注意: as_of 保持 datetime,不截断为 date,避免错误排除同日合法数据
     if as_of is not None:
-        if hasattr(as_of, "date"):
-            as_of = as_of.date()
         stmt = stmt.where(Injury.retrieved_at.is_not(None))
         stmt = stmt.where(Injury.retrieved_at <= as_of)
 

src/data/understat.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import json
 import logging
 import random
 import re
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 from sqlalchemy import func, select
 
@@ -136,7 +137,14 @@ class UnderstatSource:
 
             # 回填 xG
             if existing.stats is None and (nm.home_xg is not None or nm.away_xg is not None):
-                existing.stats = MatchStats(match_id=existing.id)
+                now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+                existing.stats = MatchStats(
+                    match_id=existing.id,
+                    source="understat",
+                    source_event_id=str(raw.get("id", "")),
+                    retrieved_at=now,
+                    available_at=now,
+                )
                 db.add(existing.stats)
                 await db.flush()
             if existing.stats is not None:

src/db/models.py

@@ -115,6 +115,11 @@ class MatchStats(Base):
     home_red_cards: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(Integer)
     away_red_cards: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(Integer)
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), default=_utcnow, onupdate=_utcnow)
+    # 数据血缘:追踪统计数据的来源和可用时间
+    source: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(30))  # bzzoiro / understat
+    source_record_id: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(100))
+    retrieved_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    available_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
 
     match: Mapped[Match] = relationship(back_populates="stats")
 
@@ -163,8 +168,12 @@ class Prediction(Base):
     # multi-agent 模式: 各专家报告
     mode: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(20), nullable=False, default="single")
     agent_outputs: Mapped[dict | None] = mapped_column(JSONB)
-    # 回测/可复现性
+    # 预测状态: success / failed / degraded
-    cutoff_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(20), nullable=False, default="success")
+    # 时间语义:区分比赛时间、预测创建时间、数据截止时间
+    match_kickoff_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
+    prediction_created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), default=_utcnow)
+    prediction_cutoff_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True))
     input_hash: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(64))
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), default=_utcnow)
     actual_home_goals: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(Integer)
@@ -182,4 +191,5 @@ class Prediction(Base):
         CheckConstraint("subjective_confidence >= 0 AND subjective_confidence <= 1", name="ck_confidence_range"),
         CheckConstraint("pred_1x2 IN ('1', 'X', '2')", name="ck_pred_1x2_enum"),
         CheckConstraint("mode IN ('single', 'multi')", name="ck_mode_enum"),
+        CheckConstraint("status IN ('success', 'failed', 'degraded')", name="ck_status_enum"),
     )

src/llm/agents/orchestrator.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import json
 import logging
 import time
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 from src.core.config import settings
 from src.db.base import AsyncSessionLocal
@@ -166,7 +167,9 @@ async def predict_match_multi(
 
     # 1. 比赛头(各 agent 共享;不存在则 404)
     header = await load_match_header(match_id)
-    cutoff_at = header.match_dt
+    match_kickoff_at = header.match_dt
+    prediction_cutoff_at = header.match_dt  # 默认:比赛时间作为数据截止
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
 
     # 2. 并行专家
     specialist_provider = _get_specialist_provider()
@@ -215,7 +218,10 @@ async def predict_match_multi(
             reasoning=validated.reasoning,
             raw_response=final,
             agent_outputs=[r.to_dict() for r in reports],
-            cutoff_at=cutoff_at,
+            status="success",
+            match_kickoff_at=match_kickoff_at,
+            prediction_cutoff_at=prediction_cutoff_at,
+            prediction_created_at=now,
             input_hash=input_hash,
         )
         session.add(pred)

src/llm/context_builder.py

@@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ def _outcome(home_goals: int, away_goals: int, side: str) -> str:
     return "W" if away_goals > home_goals else ("D" if away_goals == home_goals else "L")
 
 
+def _is_stats_available(stats, before) -> bool:
+    """检查统计数据在 cutoff 时间是否已可用。"""
+    if before is None:
+        return True
+    if stats.available_at is None:
+        return True  # 无时间信息时保守处理:允许使用
+    return stats.available_at <= before
+
+
 @dataclass
 class MatchContext:
     match_id: int
@@ -162,7 +171,8 @@ async def stats_slice(header: MatchHeader, *, limit: int = 10, before=None) -> s
                 gf += fm.home_goals if side == "home" else fm.away_goals
                 ga += fm.away_goals if side == "home" else fm.home_goals
                 n += 1
-                if fm.stats:
+                # 只使用 cutoff 之前已可用的统计数据
+                if fm.stats and _is_stats_available(fm.stats, before):
                     if fm.stats.home_shots is not None:
                         shots += fm.stats.home_shots if side == "home" else fm.stats.away_shots
                         sot += fm.stats.home_shots_on_target if side == "home" else fm.stats.away_shots_on_target

src/llm/predict.py

@@ -116,7 +116,9 @@ async def _predict_single(
     ctx = await build_context(match_id)
 
     # 1.5 计算快照元数据(用于可复现性)
-    cutoff_at = ctx.match_dt  # 比赛时间 = 数据截止时间
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    match_kickoff_at = ctx.match_dt
+    prediction_cutoff_at = ctx.match_dt  # 默认:比赛时间作为数据截止
     input_hash = hashlib.sha256(ctx.text.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
 
     # 2. 拼 prompt(指定版本)
@@ -165,7 +167,10 @@ async def _predict_single(
             subjective_confidence=validated.subjective_confidence,
             reasoning=validated.reasoning,
             raw_response=resp.raw,
-            cutoff_at=cutoff_at,
+            status="success",
+            match_kickoff_at=match_kickoff_at,
+            prediction_cutoff_at=prediction_cutoff_at,
+            prediction_created_at=now,
             input_hash=input_hash,
         )
         session.add(pred)