feat: 数据采集健壮性改进

- 新增 src/core/retry.py: 指数退避 + 抖动的重试装饰器
- bzzoiro: 改进重试逻辑
  - 429/5xx/网络错误均触发指数退避重试
  - 4xx 直接抛(不重试)
- understat: 新增重试(原无重试)
- injuries: 新增重试 + 文件缓存 7 天过期
- sources.py: 延迟导入修复循环导入

src/core/retry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""重试工具:带指数退避的瞬态错误重试。"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import functools
+import logging
+import random
+import time
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, TypeVar
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def with_retry(
+    *,
+    max_retries: int = 3,
+    base_delay: float = 1.0,
+    max_delay: float = 30.0,
+    retryable_exceptions: Iterable[type[BaseException]] = (Exception,),
+    on_retry: Callable[[Exception, int], None] | None = None,
+) -> Callable:
+    """重试装饰器(同步/异步通用,指数退避 + 抖动)。
+
+    Args:
+        max_retries: 最大重试次数
+        base_delay: 基础延迟(秒)
+        max_delay: 最大延迟(秒)
+        retryable_exceptions: 触发重试的异常类型
+        on_retry: 重试回调(exception, attempt)
+    """
+    retryable = tuple(retryable_exceptions)
+
+    def decorator(func: Callable) -> Callable:
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        async def async_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+            last_exc: Exception | None = None
+            for attempt in range(max_retries + 1):
+                try:
+                    return await func(*args, **kwargs)
+                except retryable as e:
+                    last_exc = e
+                    if attempt == max_retries:
+                        break
+                    delay = min(base_delay * (2 ** attempt), max_delay)
+                    delay += random.uniform(0, delay * 0.1)  # 抖动
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "%s failed (attempt %d/%d), retry in %.1fs: %s",
+                        func.__name__, attempt + 1, max_retries, delay, e,
+                    )
+                    if on_retry:
+                        on_retry(e, attempt + 1)
+                    await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+            raise last_exc  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def sync_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+            last_exc: Exception | None = None
+            for attempt in range(max_retries + 1):
+                try:
+                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
+                except retryable as e:
+                    last_exc = e
+                    if attempt == max_retries:
+                        break
+                    delay = min(base_delay * (2 ** attempt), max_delay)
+                    delay += random.uniform(0, delay * 0.1)
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "%s failed (attempt %d/%d), retry in %.1fs: %s",
+                        func.__name__, attempt + 1, max_retries, delay, e,
+                    )
+                    if on_retry:
+                        on_retry(e, attempt + 1)
+                    time.sleep(delay)
+            raise last_exc  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+        if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func):
+            return async_wrapper
+        return sync_wrapper
+
+    return decorator