diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/Matches.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/Matches.tsx
index a34372e..15f2f9f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/Matches.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/Matches.tsx
@@ -15,13 +15,16 @@ import { fetchMatchDetail, fetchMatchContext } from '../admin/dal'
 import type { MatchDetailOut, MatchContextOut } from '../admin/types'
 import { useMatchesList } from './matches/hooks/useMatchesList'
 import { useMatchPredict } from './matches/hooks/useMatchPredict'
+import { useLeagues } from './matches/hooks/useLeagues'
 import { PredictModal } from './matches/components/MatchPredictPanel'
 import { MatchRow } from './matches/components/MatchDetailSection'
 import { Spinner, SkeletonRows, Switch, formatDateHeader, groupByDate, withinNext3Days } from './matches/ui'
-import { LEAGUES, type Match } from './matches/types'
+import { type Match } from './matches/types'
 
 export default function Matches() {
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null)  // 列表与预测共用(拆分前即如此)
+  // P1-3: 联赛列表优先请求 /api/v1/leagues,失败/空回退本地五大联赛常量
+  const leagues = useLeagues()
   const {
     league, setLeague,
     status, setStatus,
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ export default function Matches() {
   }, [])
   const scrollToTop = () => window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' })
 
-  const leagueName = LEAGUES.find(l => l.code === league)?.name ?? league
+  const leagueName = leagues.find(l => l.code === league)?.name ?? league
 
   /** 未开赛默认仅展示未来 3 天;其余状态展示全部。showAllUpcoming=true 时展开全部。 */
   const isScheduledView = status === 'scheduled'
@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ export default function Matches() {
     <div className="space-y-5">
       {/* ── 联赛版面切换 ── */}
       <nav className="flex items-center gap-6 overflow-x-auto border-b border-ink-900" aria-label="联赛">
-        {LEAGUES.map(l => (
+        {leagues.map(l => (
           <button
             key={l.code}
             onClick={() => setLeague(l.code)}
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/matches/hooks/useLeagues.ts b/frontend/src/pages/matches/hooks/useLeagues.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..252b607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/matches/hooks/useLeagues.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/**
+ * 公开站联赛列表(P1-3):优先请求 GET /api/v1/leagues,
+ * 失败或返回空数组则回退本地五大联赛常量(LEAGUES)。
+ *
+ * 显示名规则:常量里已有的 code 沿用中文标签(保持现有 UI 语言不变),
+ * 新增联赛用 API 返回的 name;排序按常量顺序优先、新联赛按 API 返回序追加。
+ * API 仅返回 {id, code, name, country},无敏感配置字段。
+ */
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
+import { fetchLeagues } from '../../../admin/dal'
+import { LEAGUES } from '../types'
+
+export function useLeagues(): { code: string; name: string }[] {
+  const [leagues, setLeagues] = useState(LEAGUES)
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let alive = true
+    ;(async () => {
+      // dal.fetchLeagues 已兜底:网络/权限异常时返回 []
+      const rows = await fetchLeagues()
+      if (!alive || rows.length === 0) return
+      const zhName = new Map(LEAGUES.map(l => [l.code, l.name] as const))
+      const rank = new Map(LEAGUES.map((l, i) => [l.code, i] as const))
+      const merged = rows
+        .slice()
+        .sort(
+          (a, b) => (rank.get(a.code) ?? LEAGUES.length) - (rank.get(b.code) ?? LEAGUES.length),
+        )
+        .map(l => ({ code: l.code, name: zhName.get(l.code) ?? l.name }))
+      setLeagues(merged)
+    })()
+    return () => {
+      alive = false
+    }
+  }, [])
+
+  return leagues
+}
diff --git a/src/api/routes/matches.py b/src/api/routes/matches.py
index 89e647d..1f2fda0 100644
--- a/src/api/routes/matches.py
+++ b/src/api/routes/matches.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Query
 from sqlalchemy import func, or_, select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import selectinload
 
-from src.api.deps import require_admin
 from src.api.schemas import MatchListOut, MatchOut, PredictionOut
 from src.db.base import AsyncSession, get_db_read
 from src.db.models import League, Match, Prediction, Standing
@@ -32,8 +31,9 @@ def _stats_dict(stats) -> dict | None:
     }
 
 
-@router.get("/leagues", response_model=list[dict], dependencies=[Depends(require_admin)])
+@router.get("/leagues", response_model=list[dict])
 async def list_leagues(db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db_read)):
+    """联赛列表(公开只读,P1-3: 公开站联赛筛选需要;仅返回展示字段)。"""
     stmt = select(League).order_by(League.name)
     result = await db.execute(stmt)
     leagues = result.scalars().all()
@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@ async def get_match(match_id: int, db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db_read)):
     )
 
 
-@router.get("/matches/{match_id}/context", dependencies=[Depends(require_admin)])
+@router.get("/matches/{match_id}/context")
 async def match_context(match_id: int, db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db_read)):
-    """比赛上下文(只读,不触发 LLM):双方近况 + 历史交锋。
+    """比赛上下文(公开只读,P1-2: 公开站详情页需要;不触发 LLM):双方近况 + 历史交锋。
 
     全部基于现有数据聚合:
       - recent_home / recent客队:该队最近 5 场已完赛(进球/结果)
diff --git a/tests/test_public_readonly_api.py b/tests/test_public_readonly_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cfdcaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_public_readonly_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+"""公开只读 API 回归(P1-2 / P1-3):context 与 leagues 匿名可访问。
+
+背景:
+  - 公开站 MatchDetailSection 展开详情会请求 /matches/{id}/context,
+    此前该端点挂 require_admin,未登录 401 被 fetchMatchContext 的
+    catch 吞掉 → 近况/交锋静默为空;
+  - 公开站联赛筛选需要 /leagues,此前同样 require_admin,前端写死五大联赛。
+
+守卫(双保险):
+  1. 功能层:最小 FastAPI app + dependency_overrides 注入 fake session,
+     匿名请求(无任何凭据)→ 200;不存在的 match → 404。
+     (不启动完整 app lifespan,遵循 test_api_critical.py 的既定约束)
+  2. 鉴权层:检查路由依赖声明,require_admin 不得出现在
+     /leagues 与 /matches/{match_id}/context。dev 环境 require_admin
+     未配置鉴权时 fail-open,功能层测不出「加回了 require_admin」的回归,
+     必须靠本层声明检查;并用 ingest 路由证明检查器本身有判别力
+     (变异保护:若有人给公开端点加回 require_admin,此处变红)。
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from src.api.deps import require_admin
+from src.api.routes.ingest import router as ingest_router
+from src.api.routes.matches import router as matches_router
+from src.db.base import get_db_read
+from src.db.models import League, Match
+
+
+# ── fake DB(对齐 routes/matches.py 的实际查询面) ──────────────────
+
+class _FakeResult:
+    def __init__(self, items):
+        self._items = list(items)
+
+    def scalars(self):
+        return self
+
+    def all(self):
+        return list(self._items)
+
+    def scalar_one_or_none(self):
+        return self._items[0] if self._items else None
+
+
+class _FakeDB:
+    """match_context 的查询次序:① match 主查询(scalar_one_or_none)
+    ② home_recent ③ away_recent ④ h2h(均 scalars().all())。
+    League 查询按实体识别直接返回列表(对应 /leagues)。"""
+
+    def __init__(self, match=None, match_lists=(), leagues=()):
+        self._match = match
+        self._match_lists = list(match_lists)
+        self._leagues = list(leagues)
+        self._calls = 0
+
+    async def execute(self, stmt):
+        entity = stmt.column_descriptions[0]["entity"]
+        if entity is League:
+            return _FakeResult(self._leagues)
+        if self._calls == 0:
+            self._calls += 1
+            return _FakeResult([self._match] if self._match is not None else [])
+        idx = self._calls - 1
+        self._calls += 1
+        return _FakeResult(self._match_lists[idx] if idx < len(self._match_lists) else [])
+
+
+def _client(fake_db: _FakeDB) -> TestClient:
+    app = FastAPI()
+    app.include_router(matches_router)
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_db_read] = lambda: fake_db
+    # 不用 with:不触发 lifespan,无真实 DB 引擎连接
+    return TestClient(app)
+
+
+def _league(lid: int, code: str) -> League:
+    return League(id=lid, code=code, name=f"League {code}", country=f"Country {code}")
+
+
+def _match(mid: int) -> Match:
+    return Match(
+        id=mid,
+        match_date=datetime(2026, 9, 20, 15, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+        home_goals=2,
+        away_goals=1,
+    )
+
+
+# ── 功能层:匿名可访问(P1-2 / P1-3) ──────────────────────────────
+
+def test_leagues_anonymous_200_and_shape():
+    """/leagues 匿名 200;仅暴露 id/code/name/country 四字段。"""
+    db = _FakeDB(leagues=[_league(1, "E0"), _league(2, "SP1")])
+    r = _client(db).get("/api/v1/leagues")
+    assert r.status_code == 200
+    body = r.json()
+    assert body == [
+        {"id": 1, "code": "E0", "name": "League E0", "country": "Country E0"},
+        {"id": 2, "code": "SP1", "name": "League SP1", "country": "Country SP1"},
+    ]
+    # 不暴露敏感配置字段
+    assert all(set(item.keys()) == {"id", "code", "name", "country"} for item in body)
+
+
+def test_context_anonymous_200_empty_data():
+    """/context 匿名 200;无数据时三个列表为空(前端空态),结构不变。"""
+    db = _FakeDB(match=_match(42), match_lists=[[], [], []])
+    r = _client(db).get("/api/v1/matches/42/context")
+    assert r.status_code == 200
+    assert r.json() == {"home_recent": [], "away_recent": [], "h2h": []}
+
+
+def test_context_anonymous_200_row_shape():
+    """/context 行结构与既有前端契约一致(5 字段)。"""
+    db = _FakeDB(match=_match(42), match_lists=[[_match(1)], [], [_match(2), _match(3)]])
+    r = _client(db).get("/api/v1/matches/42/context")
+    assert r.status_code == 200
+    body = r.json()
+    assert len(body["home_recent"]) == 1
+    assert len(body["h2h"]) == 2
+    assert set(body["h2h"][0].keys()) == {
+        "match_date", "home_team", "away_team", "home_goals", "away_goals",
+    }
+
+
+def test_context_not_found_404():
+    """/context 匿名访问不存在的 match → 404(而非 401/503)。"""
+    db = _FakeDB(match=None)
+    r = _client(db).get("/api/v1/matches/999/context")
+    assert r.status_code == 404
+
+
+# ── 鉴权层:路由依赖声明检查(防 require_admin 回潜) ────────────────
+
+def _admin_paths(router) -> set[str]:
+    paths: set[str] = set()
+    for route in router.routes:
+        for dep in route.dependant.dependencies:
+            if dep.call is require_admin:
+                paths.add(route.path)
+                break
+    return paths
+
+
+def test_public_routes_have_no_admin_dependency():
+    """/leagues 与 /context 不得挂 require_admin;matches 路由全部公开只读。"""
+    admin_paths = _admin_paths(matches_router)
+    assert "/api/v1/leagues" not in admin_paths
+    assert "/api/v1/matches/{match_id}/context" not in admin_paths
+    assert admin_paths == set(), f"matches 路由应全部公开只读,仍有 {admin_paths}"
+
+
+def test_guard_detector_has_discrimination_power():
+    """变异保护:检查器必须能在 ingest 路由上发现 require_admin,
+    否则上一条「无 admin 依赖」断言恒真、毫无判别力。"""
+    assert "/api/v1/ingest/bzzoiro" in _admin_paths(ingest_router), (
+        "ingest 路由应仍存在 require_admin 保护;若本断言失败,"
+        "说明公开只读守卫的检查器已失效,请修复检查逻辑"
+    )